public transportation in Turkey

Turkey has about 75 million people population. The recent datas of population indicates us; the number of the people who are living in urban and rural sites has reversed. In 1927, persentage of the people who are living in the rural sites was 25,8 of whole population and urban site had 74,2 percent of Turkey's population. But now when we look at the numbers, 23,2 percent of whole population live in  the rural sites and 76,8 percent of it live in the urban sites. And all these people need to go back their villages to visit elder members of the family in some festival times as traditionally.

When we think about all of this datas and price of cars and oil are so high,  we notice that there should be a well organized public transportation system in Turkey. By the way Turkey is forth country has most expencive oil price.

RAILWAYS IN TURKEY
Railways started to serve in 1883 with a long distance passenger train named Orient Express in Turkey.

routes of  Orient Express

But today, the railway system in Turkey is not really preferable. Although railway is the cheapest transportation, because of It takes time more than other transportation the people prefer to use others to reach some other cities. that's why during the last decade, there is no investment for railways.

you can see the routes of TCDD (Railway of Republic of Turkey) as below;

current railway rotation of Turkey

As you see on the map there are only 7 main route and 17 intermediate line in Turkey. there is one high-speed train only between the capital city of Turkey, Ankara and Istanbul.

Price

ankara-Istanbul 70 TL

you can get the ticket via this web site https://yolcu.tcdd.gov.tr/view/eybis/tnmGenel/tcddWebContent.jsf

PUBLIC BUSSES IN TURKEY
Most common transportation way is the public bus that is the cheapest and most developed transportation system. It reaches to every single village. In every city, town and village there is one coach station at least, It is called as "Otogar" in turkish.

There are about 350 bus company like "Varan", "Kamik Koç" and  "Pamukkale". When you have a journey by a public bus you can calculate the time after you add "two" more hours to duration that you see on the google map (include the other stations to pick some other pessengers up and the break).

You can get a a ticket via this web site
https://www.kamilkoc.com.tr/biletsatinal


DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL FLIGHTS

When you travel to Turkey, keep this in mind: Turkey is big: 1700 km (1056 miles) from east to west if you travel by road, a trip of several days.

But you can fly from Istanbul (west) to Erzurum (east) in about two hours for a one-way fare of as little as TL70 if you buy your ticket well in advance. (For comparison, a ticket for the 19-hour bus trip costs TL80!) Most other domestic flights cost between TL60 and TL300.

How to Buy Tickets...
Because of the way international airfares are structured, it is usually far cheaper to purchase your Turkish domestic flight tickets on the Internet, or within Turkey, or in advance through a good Turkish travel agency, rather than in your home country. Here's proof.

A good Turkish travel agency can make your flight reservations for you, and send you the electronic ticket info, usually at no charge to you. Here are my recommended travel agencies.

The farther in advance you buy your ticket, the cheaper it is likely to be.

Low-Fare Tickets...
It's possible to buy low-fare tickets in English on the websites of AnadoluJet, Atlasjet, Borajet, Onur Air, Pegasus Airlines, Seabird Airlines, Sun Express, Turkish Airlines, and several others.

Sun Express, a Turkish-German joint venture, flies from Austria, Germany and Switzerland to Turkey, and within Turkey from İzmir's Adnan Menderes Airport to Adana, Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Kayseri (for Cappadocia), Konya, Trabzon and Van. More...

Turkey's International Airports...
Most long-haul international flights land at Istanbul's Atatürk International Airport, but Sabiha Gökçen Airport, on the Asian side of Istanbul, is the fastest-growing airport in Europe, so you may land there instead.